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Đặc_tính_(lập_trình) Ví dụ cú phápclass Pen { private int color; // private field // public property public int Color { get { return this.color; } set { if (value > 0) { this.color = value; } } }}
// accessing:Pen pen = new Pen();int color_tmp = 0;//...pen.Color = 17;color_tmp = pen.Color;//...pen.Color = ~pen.Color; // bitwise complement...// another silly example:pen.Color += 1; // a lot clearer than "pen.set_Color(pen.get_Color() + 1)"!
C++ không có đặc tính lớp đầu tiên, nhưng có vài cách để mô phỏng đặc tính ở một mức độ giới hạn. Hai trong số đó là:
#include <iostream>template <typename T> class property { T value; public: T & operator = (const T &i) { return value = i; } // This template class member function template serves the purpose to make // typing more strict. Assignment to this is only possible with exact identical // types. template <typename T2> T2 & operator = (const T2 &i) { T2 &guard = value; throw guard; // Never reached. } // Implicit conversion back to T. operator T const & () const { return value; }};struct Foo { // Properties using unnamed classes. class { int value; public: int & operator = (const int &i) { return value = i; } operator int () const { return value; } } alpha; class { float value; public: float & operator = (const float &f) { return value = f; } operator float () const { return value; } } bravo;};struct Bar { // Using the property<>-template. property <bool> alpha; property <unsigned int> bravo;};int main () { Foo foo; foo.alpha = 5; foo.bravo = 5.132f; Bar bar; bar.alpha = true; bar.bravo = true; // This line will yield a compile time error // due to the guard template member function.::std::cout << foo.alpha << ", " << foo.bravo << ", " << bar.alpha << ", " << bar.bravo <<::std::endl; return 0;}
Ví dụ này được lấy từ MSDN Trang tài liệu.
// declspec_property.cppstruct S{ int i; void putprop(int j) { i = j; } int getprop() { return i; } __declspec(property(get = getprop, put = putprop)) int the_prop;};int main(){ S s; s.the_prop = 5; return s.the_prop;}
class Pen{ private int m_color; // private field // public get property public int color () { return m_color; } // public set property public void color (int value) { m_color = value; }}
auto pen = new Pen;pen.color = ~pen.color; // bitwise complement// the set property can also be used in expressions, just like regular assignmentint theColor = (pen.color = 0xFF0000);
Ở phiên bản thứ hai của D, mỗi phương thức truy cập và thay đổi phải được đánh dấu với @property:
class Pen{ private int m_color; // private field // public get property @property public int color () { return m_color; } // public set property @property public void color (int value) { m_color = value; }}
type TPen = class private FColor: TColor; function GetColor: TColor; procedure SetColor(const AValue: TColor); public property Color: Integer read GetColor write SetColor;end;function TPen.GetColor: TColor;begin Result:= FColor;end;procedure TPen.SetColor(const AValue: TColor);begin if FColor <> AValue then FColor:= AValue;end;
// accessing:var Pen: TPen;//...Pen.Color:= not Pen.Color;(*Delphi also supports a 'direct field' syntax -property Color: TColor read FColor write SetColor;orproperty Color: TColor read GetColor write FColor;where the compiler generates the exact same code as for reading and writinga field. This offers the efficiency of a field, with the safety of a property.(You can't get a pointer to the property, and you can always replace the memberaccess with a method call.)*)
class Pen { // private data member Color color;public: // public property property Color color { get { return color; } set { color = value; } }}Pen blackPen { color = black };Pen whitePen { color = white };Pen pen3 { color = { 30, 80, 120 } };Pen pen4 { color = ColorHSV { 90, 20, 40 } };
type Pen() = class let mutable _color = 0 member this.Color with get() = _color and set value = _color <- valueend
let pen = new Pen()pen.Color <- ~~~pen.Color
function Pen() { this._color = 0;}// Add the property to the Pen type itself, can also// be set on the instance individuallyObject.defineProperties(Pen.prototype, { color: { get: function () { return this._color; }, set: function (value) { this._color = value; } }});
var pen = new Pen();pen.color = ~pen.color; // bitwise complementpen.color += 1; // Add one
package { public class Pen { private var _color:uint = 0; public function get color():uint { return _color; } public function set color(value:uint):void { _color = value; } }}
var pen:Pen = new Pen();pen.color = ~pen.color; // bitwise complementpen.color += 1; // add one
@interface Pen: NSObject@property (copy) NSColor *colour; // The "copy" attribute causes the object's copy to be // retained, instead of the original.@end@implementation Pen@synthesize colour; // Compiler directive to synthesise accessor methods. // It can be left behind in Xcode 4.5 and later.@end
Ví dụ trên có thể được sử dụng trong một phương thức tùy ý như vầy:
Pen *pen = [[Pen alloc] init];pen.colour = [NSColor blackColor];float red = pen.colour.redComponent;[pen.colour drawSwatchInRect: NSMakeRect(0, 0, 100, 100)];
class Pen { private $_color; function __set($property, $value) { if ($property == 'Color') { return $this->_color = $value; } } function __get($property) { if ($property == 'Color') { return $this->_color; } }}
$p = new Pen();$p->Color = ~$p->Color; // bitwise complementecho $p->Color;
class Pen(object): def __init__(self): self._color = 0 # "private" variable @property def color(self): return self._color @color.setter def color(self, color): self._color = color
pen = Pen()# accessing:pen.color = ~pen.color # bitwise complement...
class Pen def initialize @color = 0 end # Defines a getter for the @color field def color @color end # Defines a setter for the @color field def color=(value) @color = value endendpen = Pen.newpen.color = ~pen.color # Bitwise complement
Public Class Pen Private _color As Integer ' Private field Public Property Color() As Integer ' Public property Get Return _color End Get Set(ByVal value As Integer) _color = value End Set End PropertyEnd Class
' Create Pen class instanceDim pen As New Pen()' Set valuepen.Color = 1' Get valueDim color As Int32 = pen.Color
Public Class Pen Public Property Color() As Integer ' Public propertyEnd Class
' Create Pen class instanceDim pen As New Pen()' Set valuepen.Color = 1' Get valueDim color As Int32 = pen.Color
' in a class named clsPenPrivate m_Color As LongPublic Property Get Color() As Long Color = m_ColorEnd PropertyPublic Property Let Color(ByVal RHS As Long) m_Color = RHSEnd Property
' accessing:Dim pen As New clsPen'...pen.Color = Not pen.Color
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Đặc_tính_(lập_trình) Ví dụ cú phápLiên quan
Đặc trưng Euler Đặc tính (lập trình) Đặc tuyến Volt–Ampere Đặc trưng (nhận dạng mẫu) Đặc tiến Kim tử Vinh lộc Đại phu Đặc trưng lưu lượng Đức Thịnh (đạo diễn) Đức Thọ Đức Trọng Đặc cảnh sân bay (phim truyền hình TVB)Tài liệu tham khảo
WikiPedia: Đặc_tính_(lập_trình) http://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/yhfk0thd.a...